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Secondary Curriculum 

Grade XI 

General Law- I Syllabus

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Education

Curriculum Development Centre

Secondary School curriculum

General Law- I Syllabus

Grade-XI

Full Marks: 100

Pass marks: 35

Teaching Hours: 150

I. Introduction

A student at the higher secondary level is expected to Understand clearly and expresses with certainly about the basic knowledge of law, fundamental rights, and duties and constitutional law of the country. Therefore, this course has been designed for Grade XI of the higher secondary level offering General Law-II as an elective subject, with a view to impart the students basic and fundamental knowledge on principles of law, the constitutional law of Nepal and also human rights and its protection and promotion in Nepal.

II.      General Objectives

General objectives of General Law- I Syllabus are to:

•      acquaint the students with the general principles of law, Nepalese law, the legal status of person and liability;

•      inculcate in the necessary knowledge of the constitution, fundamental rights, the structure of the states, formation, and separation of power of the branches of the government of Nepal;

•      provide them with adequate knowledge and information of human rights, human rights instruments, Nepalese efforts towards protecting and promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms; and 

• equip them with basic knowledge of general laws of the country.

III.  Specific Objective

On completion of General Law- I Syllabus the students will be able to:

•        explain in their own words the meaning of the law, importance and classification of the laws; 

• describe in general the existing law-making procedures and adjudication system of Nepal:

•        define and classify rights as well as duties;

•        state the legal status of a natural person, artificial person, unborn child and the kinds of liability;

•        discuss the constitutional development of Nepal and the basic features of the Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007; 

• distinguish between fundamental rights and duties of the citizens as provided under the existing Nepalese constitution:

•        discuss the organs and functions of the state:

•        examine the role and functions of the Council of Ministers, composition, and functions of the Constituent Assembly/Legislature;

•        analyze the structure and role of the judiciary in the administration of justice in Nepal;

•        define and classify human rights: and

•        identify the legal mechanism related to the protection and the promotion of human rights in Nepal.

IV. Course Scheme

Units                        Title                                Teaching Hours             Marks

    Part A:         Principles of Law                        60                               40

1.                 concept of law and source of law        25

2.                          Rights and Duties                          15

3.                         Person                                     10

4.                        Liability                                  10

Part- B:     Nepalese Constitution                   60                                40

5.         Meaning, Kinds, and History of

              Nepalese Constitutional Law                20

6. Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens;

    Directive Principles and Policies of the State 15

7.                             State                                     10

8.             Organs of Government                        15

Part-C:           Human Rights                            30                              20   

       9. Concept and Classification of Human Rights  15

       10.Nepalese Commitment towards 

       Protection and Promotion of Human Rights        15

V. Course Content

Part-A: Principles of Law

Full Marks: 40

Teaching Hour: 60 

Unit- 1: Concept of Law and Sources of law      Teaching Hours:25

1.  Meaning and Importance of Law

2.  Division of Law

(a)   Substantive Law and Procedural Law

(b)  National Law and International Law

(c)   Civil Law and Criminal Law

3.  Nepalese Law

(a)   Constitution

(b)  Statutes

(c)   Rules

( d) Regulations

(e)   By-laws

(f)    Executive Orders

(g)  Ordinances

(h)  Case laws

4.  Meaning and Importance of Sources of Law 5. Major Sources of Law

(a)   Customs: Meaning, Kinds, and Importance

(b)  Legislation: Meaning, Kinds and Importance

(c)   Precedent: Meaning, Kinds and Importance

(d)  Other Sources of Law: Judicial writings, Religion, Good Conscience

Unit- 2: Rights and Duties                                    Teaching hours 15

1.  Concept of Rights and Duties

2.  The relation between Rights and Duties

3.  Classification of Rights

a.   Constitutional and Legal Rights

b.  Proprietary and Personal Rights

c.   Vested and Contingent Rights

Unit- 3: Person                                                     Teaching hours 10  

l. Meaning of Person

2.  Kinds of Persons

a.      Natural Person

b.      Legal Person

I.        Corporation

II.     Company

III.   Trusts

IV.  Institution

3.  Legal Status of Unborn Child and Dead Person

Unit 4: Liability                                                     Teaching Hours 10

1.    Concept of Liability

2.    Kinds of Liability

a.      Civil and criminal Liability

b.      Individual Corporate and Vicarious Liability

Part- B: Nepalese Constitution

Total Marks: 40

Teaching Hours: 60

Unit- 5: concept and Kinds of constitution and History of Nepalese Constitutional Law 

                                                                                                                                               Teaching Hours: 20

1.  Concept of the Constitution

2.  Constitution-Making Process

3.  Kinds of Constitution

(a)   Written and Unwritten Constitution

(b)  Federal and Unitary constitution

(c)   Rigid and Flexible Constitution

(d)  Evolved and Enacted Constitution

4.  The Short History of Constitutional Development of Nepal.

5.  The Basic Features of the Constitution of Nepal

Unit- 6: Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Citizens; Directive Principles and Policies of the State.                                                                                                                                     Teaching Hours: 15

1.      Concept of Fundamental Rights and Duties

2.      Fundamental Rights Guaranteed by the Constitution of Nepal.

3.      Fundamental Duties of the Citizens

4.      State Responsibilities, Directive Principles and Policies of the State incorporated in the Constitution of Nepal

Unit- 7: State                                     Teaching Hours: 10

1.      Concept and structure of the State

2.      Unitary and Federal Structure

3.      Merits and Demerits of Unitary and Federal System

4.      Local Self Governance (Local Autonomy)

5.      Federal Democratic Republic

Unit- 8: Organs of the Government                            Teaching Hours 15

1.  The Executive

(a)   The Formation and Functions of the Council of Ministers

2.  The Legislature

(a)   Composition of the Legislature/Parliament in Nepal

(b)  The Functions of the Legislature/ parliament

3.  The Judiciary

(a)   The Structure of the Nepalese Judiciary

(b)  The Supreme Court: Composition and Jurisdiction

Part- C: Human Rights

Total full Marks:20 Unit- 9: Concept and Classification of Human Rights 

Teaching hrs 15

1.  Concept of Human Rights

2.  Classification of Human Rights

(a)   Civil and Political Rights

(b)  Socia, Economic and Cultural Rights

(c)   Rights of Children

(d)  Women Rights

(e)   Rights of Dalits, Indigenous People, and Ethnic Minorities

Unit-10: Nepalese Commitment towards Protection and Promotion of Human Rights 

                                                                                                                                     Teaching Hours: 15

1.  Legal Mechanisms

(a)   Constitution of Nepal

(b)  Statute: The Treaty Act, l991

2.  Enforcement of Human Rights

(a)   The Supreme Court of Nepal on the Implementation of International Instruments of Human Rights.

(b)  The National Human Rights Commission.

VI.        Instructional Materials

•  Reference books

•  Constitution and related Acts and Rules of Nepal

•  Case Laws

•  Journals and other relevant available Materials

VII.     Instructional Techniques

•      Lecture

•        Problem-solving

•        Discussion

•        Group Works/Pair works 

• Project Works

•      Court and field observation

VIII.  Evaluation of Scheme

Students’ level of understanding and knowledge about the subject matter will be evaluated on the basis of written examination with duration of three hours as mentioned below:

S.N.        Nature of Questions            Total Question         Question to be answered            Marks

1.            Long Answer Question                4                                    3*10                               30

2.            Short Answer Question                6                                    5*8                                 40

3.            Very short Answer Question        7                                    5*6                                 30

                            Total                                17                                   14                                  100

2.      Fitzgerald, Salmond (Latest edition), Salmond on Jurisprudence (Reprinted), Sweet and Maxwell; London

3.      Lamsal, Narayan Prasad, (Latest Edition), Bidhi Shastra, Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

4.      Pradhananga, Rajit Bhakta and Kishore Silwal(Latest Edition), Bidhi Shastra Ko SamanyaRupreckha (A General Outline of Jurisprudence), Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

5.      Sangroula, Yubaraj (2058), Kanoon Shastra Tatha Kanoon Ka Shidhanta, Pairabi Prakashan.

6.      Singh, Top Bahadur, (2039 B.S.) Constitution and Constitutional Law of Nepal, Kanoon Pathya Pustak Prakashan, Kathmandu, Nepal.

7.      Shamm. Gopal Dr. (1992), Human Rights in Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. 

8.      Thapa, Kanak Bikram Prof. atld Bharat Raj Upreti (Latest Edition), Constitutional Law of Nepal FREE DEAL, Kathmandu. Nepal.